Hambatan dan Tantangan Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61292/cognoscere.301Keywords:
Merdeka Belajar Curriculum, curriculum implementation, educational challenges, educational reform, systematic literature reviewAbstract
The Merdeka Belajar Curriculum represents a major educational reform in Indonesia aimed at enhancing learning quality through curriculum flexibility, differentiated instruction, and character development. Despite its nationwide implementation, several studies report persistent challenges at the school level. This study aims to identify and analyze the barriers and challenges in implementing the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum through a systematic literature review (SLR). The review followed PRISMA guidelines and analyzed journal articles and policy documents published between 2019 and 2025, sourced from Google Scholar, SINTA, ERIC, and official government publications. The findings reveal that key challenges include limited teacher readiness and professional competence, difficulties in applying differentiated learning and formative assessment, unequal educational infrastructure, and weak school leadership and change management. These results indicate that the success of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum depends not only on policy formulation but also on comprehensive systemic support and strengthened institutional capacity.
Abstrak
Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar merupakan kebijakan reformasi pendidikan yang bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran melalui fleksibilitas kurikulum, pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, dan penguatan karakter peserta didik. Meskipun telah diimplementasikan secara nasional, berbagai studi menunjukkan adanya hambatan dalam penerapannya di tingkat satuan pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis hambatan serta tantangan penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar melalui pendekatan systematic literature review (SLR). Kajian dilakukan dengan mengacu pada prinsip PRISMA terhadap artikel jurnal dan dokumen kebijakan yang diterbitkan pada periode 2019–2025 dan diperoleh dari basis data Google Scholar, SINTA, ERIC, serta sumber resmi pemerintah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan kesiapan dan kompetensi guru, kesulitan penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dan asesmen formatif, ketimpangan sarana prasarana, serta lemahnya kepemimpinan dan manajemen perubahan di sekolah. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan Kurikulum Merdeka tidak hanya ditentukan oleh desain kebijakan, tetapi juga oleh dukungan sistemik dan kapasitas aktor pendidikan.
Kata kunci: Kurikulum Merdeka; Merdeka Belajar; implementasi kurikulum; tantangan pendidikan; systematic literature review.
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